Suchergebnisse

El libro "no es una crónica de la democratización", advierte su autor en la primera línea de un voluminoso texto que sistematiza una sólida investigación sobre la política y la democracia ecuatoriana, acaecidas en el tránsito del siglo XX al XXI. En efecto, el libro de Luis Verdesoto es, al mismo tiempo, una síntesis de su profusa actividad académica, política y pública desplegada en el transcurso de buena parte de las mismas décadas a las que se refiere la publicación, y un documentado estudio del período democrático que tras largos episodios de inestabilidad gubernamental y sucesivas dictaduras militares, provocó enormes expectativas en la clase política y en la sociedad ecuatoriana.

La ciudad de Quito vive una tensión indivisible en su estructura espacial, pues al tiempo que es la capital del país, también es la sede del Gobierno, y el referente de la centralidad del Estado-nación. Las pugnas por la capitalidad y la centralidad están presentes en la historia reciente de la sociedad quiteña, marcando la manera cómo las elites locales se relacionan con el Estado, el sentido que va adquiriendo la gestión del gobierno municipal y los imaginarios urbanos que confieren identidad a sus habitantes. No se trata de una convencionalidad derivada de la división político-administrativa, montada con el avance del Estado que estableció un entramado administrativo por niveles; sino que la tirantez de intereses entre capitalidad y centralidad expresa, ante todo, en mi opinión, la modalidad de articulación territorial, económica y de poder de la región quiteña con el Estado ecuatoriano, la misma que se "renovó" en las dos últimas décadas del siglo veinte con la asunción del estatus de distrito metropolitano.

No hay duda que el término democracia sigue siendo pese a sus críticas y frustraciones, el más recurrente argumento de las culturas políticas modernas y posmodernas a la hora de juzgar la elección de autoridades, la legitimidad de las instituciones públicas, la acción del gobierno, la toma de decisiones presidenciales, el comportamiento parlamentario e incluso en ámbitos propiamente sociales cuando hay que definir la legalidad de las prácticas asociativas, el modo de proceder de las organizaciones nacionales e internacionales, y el comportamiento del liderazgo.

Abstract. This work presents a technique for debris-flow (DF) forecasting able to be used in the framework of DF early warning systems at regional scale. The developed system is applied at subbasin scale and is based on the concepts of fuzzy logic to combine two ingredients: (i) DF subbasin susceptibility assessment based on geomorphological variables and (ii) the magnitude of the rainfall situation as depicted from radar rainfall estimates. The output of the developed technique is a three-class warning ("low", "moderate" or "high") in each subbasin when a new radar rainfall map is available. The developed technique has been applied in a domain in the eastern Pyrenees (Spain) from May to October 2010. The warning level stayed "low" during the entire period in 20% of the subbasins, while in the most susceptible subbasins the warning level was at least "moderate" for up to 10 days. Quantitative evaluation of the warning level was possible in a subbasin where debris flows were monitored during the analysis period. The technique was able to identify the three events observed in the catchment (one debris flow and two hyperconcentrated flow events) and produced no false alarm.

β-Galactosidase from Aspergillus oryzae is an enzyme with a wide industrial application, mostly in the hydrolysis of lactose and, more recently, in the synthesis of oligosaccharides. Several advantages are associated with the application of immobilized enzymes on magnetic supports. In this work, β-galactosidase was covalently immobilised onto a Polysiloxane- Polyvinyl Alcohol Magnetic Composite (mPOS-PVA), Magnetic Polysiloxane with Polyaniline (mPOS-PANI), Magnetized Dacron (DACRON) and Magnetite with Polyaniline (MAG-PANI) using glutaraldehyde as activating agent being the synthesis of GOS evaluated and compared at different temperatures (30, 40, 50 and 60 oC) and various initial lactose concentration (50, 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 g/L). The kinetic parameters obtained by fitting the experimental data were compared in order to determine the effect of the immobilization process with different supports on the synthesis of oligosaccharides. These results clearly demonstrate that all supports may be used for β-galactosidase immobilization as, besides improving the enzyme hydrolytic and GOS synthesis properties, its separation from the obtained reaction products is easy to accomplish. ; Programme Alβan, European Union Programme of High Level Scholarships for Latin America ; Brazilian National Research Council ...

The synthesis of galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) by the action of Aspergillus oryzae β-galactosidase free and immobilized on magnetic polysiloxane-polyvinyl alcohol (mPOS-PVA) was studied. A maximum GOS concentration of 26% (w/v) of total sugars was achieved at near 55% lactose conversion from 50%, w/v lactose solution at pH 4.5 and 40 °C. Trisaccharides accounted for more than 81% of the total GOS produced. GOS formation was not considerably affected by pH and temperature. The concentrations of glucose and galactose encountered near maximum GOS concentration greatly inhibited the reactions and reduced GOS yield. GOS formation was not affected by enzyme immobilization in the mPOS-PVA matrix, indicating the absence of diffusional limitations in the enzyme carrier. Furthermore, this water insoluble magnetic derivative was reutilized 10-times and retained about 84% of the initial activity. In addition, the kinetic parameters for various initial lactose concentrations were determined and compared for the free and immobilized enzyme. ; David F. M. Neri gratefully acknowledges support by the Programme Alpan, the European Union Programme of High Level Scholarships for Latin America (Scholarship No. E05D057787BR). Luiz B. Carvalho Jr. is recipient of a scholarship of the Brazilian National Research Council ...

Bioconversions using enzymes immobilized in magnetic supports present significant advantages due to the easy separation of the enzyme from the reaction mixture and the simplicity and low cost of the support preparation. The characterization of the oligosaccharide mixture obtained by the action of b-galactosidase covalently attached, via glutaraldehyde, to a hydrazideeDacronemagnetite composite is presented. The fractionation of the oligosaccharide mixture by high performance liquid chromatography, followed by the analysis of the purified compounds by mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy permitted the identification of glucose, galactose, lactose and a hexose disaccharide containing a 1/6 linkage. Also, the following GOS were identified: b-D-Galp-(1/6)-b-D-Galp-(1/4)- Glcp, b-D-Galp-(1/4)-[b-D-Galp-(1/6)]-Glcp and b-D-Galp-(1/6)-b-D-Galp-(1/6)-b-D-Galp-(1/4)- Glcp. When GOS yield (26.2%) and kinetics of biotransformation of lactose by the Dacron immobilized b-galactosidase were compared with values obtained for the enzyme immobilized in other magnetic supports, similar behaviour was observed ; David F.M. Neri gratefully acknowledges support by Alban, the European Union Programme of High Level Scholarships for Latin America (Scholarship No. E05D057787BR). Luiz B. Carvalho Jr. is recipient of a scholarship from the Brazilian National Research Council (CNPq). M.R.M. Domingues acknowledges financial support provided to the project POCI/QUI/59337/2004. Duarte P. M. Torres acknowledges Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia (Portugal) for the PhD Grant received (reference ...

We present new experimental angular distributions for the elastic scattering of Li6+Sn120 at three bombarding energies. We include these data in a wide systematic involving the elastic scattering of He4,6,Li7, Be9,B10, and O16,18 projectiles on the same target at energies around the respective Coulomb barriers. Considering this data set, we report on optical model analyses based on the double-folding São Paulo potential. Within this approach, we study the sensitivity of the data fit to different models for the nuclear matter densities and to variations in the optical potential strengths. ; Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades PGC2018-096994-B-C21 ; Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad FIS2017-88410-P ; European Union's Horizon 2020 654002 ; Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) 2018/09998-8, 2017/05660-0 ; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) 407096/2017-5, 306433/2017-6 ; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia: Física Nuclear e Aplicações 464898/2014-5

RiskBenefit4EU – Partnering to strengthen the risk–benefit assessment within EU using a holistic approach, is a recent European pilot project funded by EFSA and coordinated by Portugal (PT), integrating a multidisciplinary team from health and food institutes, national food safety authorities, R&D institutions and academia from PT, Denmark (DK) and France (FR). The main objectives of RiskBenefit4EU concerns the development of a set of Risk–Benefit Assessment (RBA) tools to assess and integrate food risks and benefits in the areas of microbiological, nutritional and chemical components through the development of a harmonised framework. This pilot project will validate the RBA framework created using a Portuguese case study on cereal-based foods. The research idea for food safety in risk assessment is to create an international network on RBA to promote and disseminate the outputs and knowledge acquired under RiskBenefir4EU, at European level. This network aims to promote knowledge and capacity building on RBA (acquired under RiskBenefit4EU) among European early stage researchers and to apply the harmonised framework on their countries. Health risks associated with consumption of cereal-based foods, an important source of nutrients with beneficial health effects, could increase soon due to climate changes in Europe (dry conditions and increased ambient temperatures could promote an increase in toxins production; occurrence of emergent compounds) so the dissemination and use of the RBA harmonized tools related with ingestion of cereal-based foods and derivatives could contribute to support future food and health policy in Europe. ; Projects GP/EFSA/AFSCO/2017/01-GA02 (EFSA), BioMAN/DAN/01 (INSA), UID/AMB/50017/2013 (CESAM) ; N/A